Stain filler sealer



Patented Dec. 23, 1952 STAIN FILLER SEALER George L. Deniston and OrionWilliam Berglund,

liayton, Ohio, assignors to Chadeloid Corporatron, Dayton, Ohio, acorporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original application June 4, 1949,Serial No. 97,330. Divided and this application February 28, 1950,Serial No. 146,924

9 Claims. 1

This invention relates to wood finishing. More particularly it relatesto a method of staining, filling and sealing wood. Still moreparticularly it relates to compositions which in a single applicationperform the three functions of staining wood, filling the pores, andsealing the surface preparatory to application of finish coatings.

This application is a division of our co-pending application, Serial No.97,330, filed June 4, 1949.

Conventional stain fillers are known whereby the steps of staining,applying a wash coating of shellac and the like, and then applying afiller, have been reduced to a single operation. However, after thesestain fillers are applied, the wood surface must be dried for at least12 hours before the surface can be sanded and a sanding sealer applied.

Another disadvantage of prior commercial stain fillers is an oil vehicleis utilized. This oil is deposited on the surface of the wood in a thinfilm which does not dry readily. This film is still present when thelacquer is applied and tends to retard the drying and hardening of thelacquer film, which in turn slows down finishing operations. v

It is an object of the present invention to over-- come thedisadvantages and difficulties associated with the above described stainfillers.

v It is a further object of the present invention to provide woodfinishing compositions which prepare the wood for final lacquer coatingand finish coating.

It is a still further object of the present in vention to provide astain-filler-sealer in which there is nooil vehicle. 7

It is another object of the present invention to providestain-filler-sealer compositions which seal the wood pores therebyeliminating the necessity for a sanding sealer.

A still further object of this invention is to produce astain-filler-sealer composition which eliminates or reduces to a minimumshrinkage in the pores of the wood surface, thus leaving a preparedsurface ready to receive a lacquer coat.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method offinishing wood wherein the stain-filling-sealing operation is performedin one step, and the wood prepared for lacquer spraying in less than tenminutes.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide astain-filler-sealer composition of a transparency which brings out thenatural rain of the wood.

A still further object of the invention is to simplify manufacturingprocedure and to eliminate need for time consuming ball mill operationsStill further objects and advantages of this invention will appear tothose skilled in the art as the description proceeds.

In carrying out the objects of this invention, a coating composition isprepared which has incorporated therein, in addition to the stain fillercomponents, dye and solvent, two different types of resins whichapparently cooperate with one another to impart a sealing and hardeningcharacteristic.

In a co-pending application by George L. Deniston, one of the inventorsin the instant application, Serial No. 97,329, filed June 4, 1949,entitled Stain Filler Compositions and Pigmented Fillers Therefor, thereis disclosed a stain filler having as a component of the compositioncertain air-drying resins.

These compositions, while excellent stain fillers, fail to have asealing character. Now applicants have discovered that the combinationof a pure air-drying alkyd or equivalent resin and a modified syntheticresin of the drying type having a short oil length, can be combined toimpart to stain fillers the additional property of sealing the stainedand filled wood surface.

in air when spread as a thin .film.

The companion or hardener resins which are necessary to obtain a resincombination having sealing characteristics are best exemplified bymodified alkyd and modified phenolic resins. Excellent results areobtainable with a phenolic modified alkyd resin of phthalicanhydride-glycerol base, such as is sold under the trade name ofBeckosol #1338.

When utilizing combinations of resins such as is described above, it hasbeen found that standard combinations of stain-filler solvents produceunsatisfactory sealer solutions. The new combination of solvent vehiclesutilizes as the major component of the solvent mixture, condensedketones such as, for example, di-acetonealcohol.

To this base component is added solvents which have solvent power foreither the dyetsuffs or the resins or both. Use of a single solventsimplifies formulation problems, but is not essential. Two or morecompatible solvents having solvent power for one or the other of thebasic constituents are equally effective.

The solvents in which acid organic dyestuffs are soluble arecharacterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group. Useful solventshaving solvent power for resins as well as for the acid dyestuffs arethe Carbitols, for example, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether,diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; the Cellosolves such as ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and equivalentalcohols.

Additional solvents useful in various solvent combinations are the aminoalkyl alcohols, such as methyl amino propanol, ethyl amino butanol,cyclic alcohols such as furfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanol in mixture witheach other or in mixtures with volatile alcohols.

These volatile alcohols are usually added in the form of a thinnermixture often composed of aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluol, xylol,aromatic naphthas and alcohol, but more often consisting simply ofaliphatic alcohols, such as ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butanol amylalcohol. A minor proportion of esters of said aliphatic alcohols, suchas ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, and the like, may sometimes be addedto the thinner.

All acid organic dyestuffs are operative for the process and the productof this invention. Thus, for example, the following dyestuffs may beutilized: Buffalo Black NBR Conc. 126%, Black Stain B34951, Nigrosine4523J Conc. Powder; the

following yellow dyestuffs: Fast Wool Yellow 3 1' GL Conc. 125%, FastLight Yellow 3G Ex. Conc., Fast Light Yellow D3GA; the followingorangeyellow dyestuffs: Metanil Yellow 1955, Calcocid Yellow MXXX Conc.;the following orange dye- As inert pigments which have a darkeningeffect mainly upon the pores of the wood, we

may utilize such materials as burnt umber, sienha, burnt sienna, ironoxides, carbon black, activated carbon and the like.

Additional substances which may be added to the composition to improveone or more characteristics are dispersing and bodying agents.

Useful dispersing agents are morpholine, which is a secondary amine, orsulfonates or sulfates such as the sodium salt of alkyl naphthalenesulfonic acid (Darvan) and sodium heptadecyl sulfate (Tergitol #7).

Bodying agents may be selected from such rcpresentative groups as thepolyvinyl family and metal soaps. Polyvinyl alcohol is preferred, butother compounds, such as polyvinyl acetate, may be used in its place.

Representative metal soaps are aluminum stearate, magnesium stearate. v

The compositions of this invention are prepared by simply mixing theingredients together. Preferably the dye or dyes are wetted withmethanol in an agitator such as a pony mixer. To the Wetted dye mixtureis added a solvent such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and themixture agitated until all the dye is dissolved.

- The mixture is continuously agitated while the other components, forexample, diacetone alcohol, are added; then the resins; followed bypolyvinyl alcohol; and lastly the fillers are added. A very simple andinexpensive method of manufacture, saves grinding time, and eliminatesthe use of expensive ball mills.

After thorough mixing, the composition is ready to be diluted to thedesired consistency for brushing or spraying onto a wood surface.

After the stain-filler-sealer has been applied to the wood, the excessmaterial is removed by padding or wiping which is standard stain-fillerpractice.

The stain-filler composition of this invention may be air dried inapproximately 8 minutes after wiping and then sprayed with lacquer. Thelacquer coat is dried 30 to minutes as desired before sanding andfinishing to suit the operator.

Operations with the compositions of this invention may be speeded up byforce drying. For example, the stain-filler-sealer may be force driedfor five minutes at 120 to 140 F. immediately after it is wiped. It isthen cooled for at least five minutes before the lacquer is sprayed.

The lacquer coat is air dried for a period of four to five minutes, andthe coated wood returned to the same oven for approximately ten-minutes.

stuffs: Fast Light Orange 2G, Fast Light Orange 7 Certain of thefillers, such as Silene and Silexy are preferred because they can beused Without darkening pigments and thereby impart a clearness andtransparency to the coating composition. Further, they enhance thenatural brilliance of the wood.

Silex,

Upon its removal from the oven it is cooled for at least five minutesbefore sanding and then applying the next lacquer coat.

By use of force drying throughout the entire finishing process, therubbing operation with rotten stone, oil, pumice or other types ofrubbing compound, may be performed 30 minutes after drying of finaldrying lacquer coat.

The quantities of the basic constituents may be varied within reasonablelimits depending upon the specific formulation desired. In general, itmay be stated that a formulation including ethylene glycol monoethyiether may have the ether and the companion alcohols which form a dyesolvent vary from 5 to 50 parts methanol. 5 to 108 parts ethylene glycolmonoethyl ether, and from 5 to parts of di-acetone alcohol.

The dye may constitute from 1 to 50 parts or more of the dye-solventsolution, depending upon the amount of 'inerts which wi-llbe added at alater step.

The resins may be varied from to 100 parts, depending upon the quantityof inerts being incorporated.

Polyvinyl alcohol, the preferred thickening agent, may be varied from 5to 50 parts by weight.

Inasmuch as inerts cover a wide range of materiaLa specific proportionis very indefinite, but in general, it may be stated that the inerts mayvary from to 100 parts by weight.

When a thinner mixture of, for example, methanol, toluol and ethylacetate is used, the methanol may constitute from 5 to 75 parts of thethinner mixture. Ethyl acetate may be varied from 5 to parts, and thetoluol may be varied from 5 to parts by weight.

Dispersing agents in general may be varied from about 1 part by weightof the total mixture to 20 partsby weight of the total mixture.

In thefollowing examples a few embodiments of the invention areillustrated and without intending thereby to limit the inventionthereto:

Example I Parts 1. Methanol 3.1 2. Mahogany dye 2. 1

3.- Methyl Carbitol (diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) 3.5 4.Diacetone alcohol 1 15.5 5. Air-drying phthalic. anhydride-glycerolresin' (Beckosol #1313 E. L.) 4.0 5. Phenol modified phthalic anhydridesglcerol resin (Beckosol hardener #1338) 6.0 7. Polyvinyl alcohol low vis3.0 8. Silex silica 325 mesh 62.5

The above mixture was prepared for application as a stain-filler-sealerby thinning out 5.5 pounds of the mix with 1 gallon of a thinnercomposed of by weight of methanol, 40% by weight of toluol, and 25% byweight of ethyl acetate. This gives a consistency suitable for spraying.

It will be recognized that the quantity and componenets of thinner maybe varied to give any desired consistency, or that the proportions ofthinners may be varied to alter the drying character of the stainfiller-sealer.

The above composition before-dilution was stable and underwent no changeduring storage. However, when out with thinners and dried, as explainedabove, the alkyd resins oxidized to form a tough coating in the pores ofthe wood.

Example II Parts Methanol 9.1 Mahogany dye 3.4 Methyl Carbitol(-diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) 8.8 Diacetone alcohol 27.0Air-drying phthalic anhydride-glycerol resin (Beckosol Resin #1313 E.L.) 11.5 Phenol modified phthalic anhydride-glycerol resin (BeckosolHardener #1338) 17.2 Polyvinyl alcohol low vis 8.6 Silene E. F.precipitated calcium silicate--- 14.4

Example III I Parts Methanol 10.2 Croceine Orange dye 13.1 Croceine-Scarlet dye 4.2 Buffalo Black dye 3.5 'Ietrahydrofurfuryl alcohol 5 6Diacetone alcohol 24.9 Tergitol #7 1.33 A-ir-dryingphthalicanhydride-glycerol res- In (Beckosol Resin #1313 E. L.) 10.6 Phenolmodified phthalic. anhydride-glycerol resin (Beckosol Hardener #1338)15.9

The above mixture is in the form of a solutionsuspension which isapplied to the wood and the excess remaining on the surface of the woodwiped off.

W The' stain-filler-sealer of the foregoing. examples all producecompositions giving excellent surface which are relatively smooth andready for lacquer finishing.

It will be understood that while there have been given herein certainspecific examples of the practice of this invention, it is not intendedthereby to have this invention limited to or circumscribed by thespecific details of materials, proportions, or conditions hereinspecified, in view of the fact that this invention may be modifiedaccording to individual preference or conditions without necessarilydeparting from the spirit of this disclosure and the scope of theappended claims.

; -We claim:

1. As a new article of manufacture, a stamfiller-sealer containingsubstantially no oil vehicle comprising a solvent characterized by thepresence of a glycol ether, acid organic dyestuff, diacetone alcohol,inert filler to the extent of between about 10 to parts by weight of thecomposition, and the combination of an air drying phenolic modifiedalkyd resin and an air drying binder resin selected from the groupconsisting of unmodified alkyd resins of phthalic anhydride base, andurea-formaldehyde resin in solution in said solvent.

' 2. As a new article of manufacture, a stainfiller-sealer containingsubstantially no oil vehicle comprising a solvent characterized by thepresence of a glycol ether, acid organic dyestufl, inert filler to theextent of between about 10 to 100 parts by Weight of the composition,and the combination of an air-drying phenolic modified alkyd resin andan air-drying binder resin selected from the group consisting ofunmodified alkyd resins of phthalic anhydride base, and.urea-formaldehyde resin, in solution in said solvent base.

3. As a coating composition for wood, a solution-suspension containing asolution of acid organic dyestuif in a glycol ether, an inert filler tothe extent of between about 10 to 100 parts by weight of thecomposition, diacetone alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol bodying agent, anair-drying unmodified alkyd resin binder and a phenol modifled alkydresin.

4. As a coating composition for wood, a solution suspension containingethylene glycol monoethyl ether, an inert filler to the extent ofbetween about 10 to 100 parts by weight of the composition, diacetonealcohol, polyvinyl alcohol, an air-drying unmodified alkyd resin binder,and a phenol modified alkyd resin.

5. In a transparent wood staining, fillin an sealing composition, asolution-suspension combination of a solvent characterized by thepresence of a glycol ether, acid organic dyestufi,

diacetone alcohol, an inert filler selected from the group consisting ofsilica and precipitated calcium silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, and as abasic binder an air-drying alkyd resin, and as a hard ener a phenolmodified alkyd resin. 1 f,

6. In a transparent wood staining, filling and sealing composition, thesolution-suspension combination of a solvent characterized by diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether, acid organic dyestuff, diacetone alcohol, aninert filler, polyvinyl alcohol, and as a basic binder an air-dryingphthalic base alkyd resin, and as a hardener a phenolic modified alkydresin.

'7. As a new article of manufacture a stainfiller-sealer compositionconsistin essentially of approximately 3.1 parts of ethylene glycolmonoethylether, 15.5 parts diacetone alcohol, 40 parts air drying alkydresin as a binder, 6.0 parts air drying'phenol modified phthalicanhydride-glycerol resin as a hardener, 3.0 parts polyvinyl alcohol,*62.5 par-ts inert filler,- and 2.4- parts acidorganic dyestufi. 8; Asanew article-of manufacture a stainfiller-sealer composition consistingapproximately of 27.0 parts diacetone alcohol, 8.8 parts diethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, 11.5' parts air drying alkyd resinas a'binder,17.2 parts air drying phenol modified phthalic anhydride-glycerol resinas a hardener, 8.6 parts polyvinyl alcohol, and 14.4 partsinert filler.a

-9. As a new article of manufacture a stain filler-sealer compositionwhich is substantially free of oil vehicle and comprises acid organicdyestuff and a solvent comprising a mixture of diacetone alcohol and aglycol ether, and as a hardener an air-drying phenol modified phthalic211'.- hydride-glycerol resin and inert filler, said resin comprisingfrom about 5 to 100 parts by weight of the composition and said inertmaterial comprising from about 10 to 100 parts by weight of thecomposition, and as abinder asubstantial amount of an air-drying alkydresin. 7 GEORGE L.'DENISTO N. ORION WILLIAM BERGLUND.

REFERENCES CITED The following references, are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS H I O'IfI-I ER REFERENCES. v Page 496,Lan'gesHandbook of Chemistry, fifth edition, published by Handbook Publishers,'Inc.,

Sandusky'Ohio; 1944."

1. AS A NEW ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE, A STAINFILLER-SEALER CONTAININGSUBSTANTIALLY NO OIL VEHICLE COMPRISING A SOLVENT CHARACTERIZED BY THEPRESENCE OF A GLYCOL ETHER, ACID ORGANIC DYESTUFF, DIACETONE ALCOHOL,INERT FILLER TO THE EXTENT OF BETWEEN ABOUT 10 TO 100 PARTS BY WEIGHT OFTHE COMPOSITION, AND THE COMBINATION OF AN AIR DRYING PHENOLIC MODIFIEDALKYD RESIN AND AN AIR DRYING BINDER RESIN SELECTED FROM THE GROUPCONSISTING OF UNMODIFIED ALKYD RESINS OF PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE BASE, ANDUREA-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN IN SOLUTION IN SAID SOLVENT.